1. GENERAL PHILOSOPHY [Definition]

Judges at tournaments are to be neutral arbiters and enforcers of policy and rules. Judges do not intervene in games unless a rules violation occurs, they believe a rules violation may have occurred, a player has a concern or question, or to prevent a situation from escalating. Judges do not stop play errors from occurring, but deal with errors that have occurred, penalize those who violate rules or policy, and promote fair play and sporting conduct by example and diplomacy. Judges may intervene to prevent or preempt errors occurring outside of a game.

All players are treated equally according to the guidelines of an event's Rules Enforcement Level (REL). Knowledge of a player's history does not influence the recognition of an infraction or the application of penalties, though it may affect the manner of an investigation. The REL of an event defines what is expected from a player regarding his or her rules and policy knowledge and technical play skill.

Treating a player differently because he or she once played in a Professional event would mean holding each player to a different standard and would produce inconsistent rulings that depended on the judge's familiarity with the player. Professionals should be able to play in Regular REL events without being held to a higher technical level of play against less-experienced opponents who may not be as familiar with the rules.

The purpose of a penalty is to educate the player not to make similar mistakes in the future. This is done through both an explanation of where the rules or policies were violated and a penalty to reinforce the education. Penalties are also for the deterrence and education of every other player in the event and are also used to track player behavior over time.

The level of penalty an infraction carries is based on these factors:

* The potential for abuse (or risk of being exposed).

* The Rules Enforcement Level of the tournament.

* Repeated offenses by the player within the tournament.

* The amount of disruption it causes (time and people affected) in discovering, investigating, and resolving the issue.

Only the Head Judge is authorized to issue penalties that deviate from these guidelines. The Head Judge may not deviate from this guide's procedures except in significant and exceptional circumstances or a situation that has no applicable philosophy for guidance. Significant and exceptional circumstances are rare — a table collapses, a booster contains miniatures from a different set. The Rules Enforcement Level, round of the tournament, age or experience-level of the player, desire to educate the player, and certification level of the judge are NOT exceptional circumstances. If another judge feels deviation is appropriate, he or she must consult with the Head Judge.

Judges should be seen as a benefit to the players, helping to ensure the consistent and fair running of a tournament. Players should be encouraged to use judges as needed, and should not be afraid to call a judge if he or she feels one is required. If a player commits an offense, realizes it, and calls a judge over immediately and before he or she could potentially benefit from the offense, the Head Judge has the option to downgrade the penalty without it being considered a deviation, though he or she should still follow any procedure recommended to fix the error. For example, a player offers his deck to his opponent and while cutting his opponent's deck discovers that a card that belongs in his deck is in a previously removed from game pile. If he calls the judge over immediately, the Head Judge may choose to issue a Warning rather than a Game Loss.

The infractions in this document (with the exception of the Cheating and Unsporting Conduct sections) generally presume the offense is unintentional. If a judge believes the offense was intentional, the infraction may be Cheating or Unsporting Conduct, and those infractions should be considered first.

10. DEFINITION OF RULES ENFORCEMENT LEVEL (REL) [Definition]

Rules Enforcement Level is a means to communicate to the players and judges what expectations they can have of the event in terms of rigidity of rules enforcement, technically correct play, and procedures used.

The REL of an event will increase based on the prizes awarded and the distance a player may be expected to travel. People who travel further are often more competitive and are likely to desire correctness over fun. The REL of the event should reflect this.

The penalties in this guide already take into account the REL of the event and as such judges are not to deviate from this guide based on a perceived "lower REL".

Regular

Regular events are focused on fun and social aspects, not enforcement. Most tournaments are run at this level unless they offer sizeable prizes or invitations. Some Junior tournaments may also be run at this level even if they do offer sizeable prizes or invitations. Players are expected to know most of the game rules, may have heard of policy and what is "really bad", but generally play in a fashion similar to the way he or she does at home. Players are still responsible for following the rules, but the penalties tend to be less severe, and the focus is on education and sportsmanship over technically precise play.

Because of the social nature of Regular REL events, judges should be more lenient about inappropriate chatter during traditionally silent times, such as during a booster draft. Overt strategic statements are still illegal, and players are expected to refrain from being disruptive.

* These events do not require deck verification.

* These events do not require certified judges.

Competitive

Competitive events are those with significant cash prizes, pro points, and/or invitations awarded to Professional events. Players are expected to know the game's rules - but not to a technically detailed level - and be familiar with the policies and procedures, but unintentional errors are not punished severely. These are events that protect the interests of all players by providing event integrity while also recognizing that not all players are intimately familiar with Professional-level event structure, proper procedures, and rules. At Competitive REL, a player not realizing that what he or she was doing was incorrect is not an appropriate reason to deviate.

* These events use a certified judge and almost always use deck verification procedures.

* The highest-level certified judge available should be on staff.

* These events may require a few staff or judges in support.

Professional

Professional level events offer large cash awards, prestige, and other benefits that draw players from great distances. These events hold players to a higher standard of behavior and technically correct play than Competitive events. Offenses will often receive a harsher penalty, even for minor errors.

* These events use a certified judge and use deck verification procedures.

* The highest-level certified judge available should be on staff.

* These events will use several certified judges in support.

20. DEFINITION OF PENALTIES [Definition]

Caution

A Caution is a verbal admonition to a player. This is the lightest penalty that can be given. Cautions are used in situations of minor incorrect play or disruption where a quick word can easily correct the behavior or situation. It is also used for common mistakes in Regular events where the potential for advantage is low. No extra time is required for a Caution, as any Caution that takes more than a few moments to resolve should be upgraded to a Warning. A Caution is noted for the duration of the tournament in case of repeated offense, but does not need to be reported to the DCI.

The word "caution" does not need to be used in issuing this penalty. Any verbal admonition to a player, even if it is not made clear to the player that an official Caution has been issued, should be considered a Caution for purposes of upgrading repeated infractions.

Warning

A Warning is an officially tracked penalty. Warnings are used in situations of incorrect play when a small amount of time is needed to implement the corrective procedure. The purpose of a Warning is to alert judges and players involved that a problem has occurred and to keep a permanent record of the infraction in the DCI Penalty Database. A time extension should be issued if the ruling has taken more than a minute.

Game Loss

A Game Loss is issued in situations where the procedure to correct the offense takes a significant amount of time that may slow the entire tournament or causes significant disruption to the tournament, or in which it is impossible to continue the game due to physical damage. It is also used for some infractions that have a higher probability for a player to gain advantage.

A Game Loss ends the current game immediately and the player who committed the infraction is considered to have lost the game for the purpose of match reporting. The player receiving a Game Loss chooses whether to play or draw, if applicable, in the next game of that match. If a Game Loss is issued before the match begins, neither player in that match may use sideboards (if the tournament uses them) for the first game they play.

Game Losses should be applied to the game in which the offense occurred unless the players have begun a new game or the tournament is between rounds, in which case the loss should be applied to the player's next game. If a player receives a Game Loss at the same time his or her opponent receives a Match Loss, the Game Loss should be carried over into the next round. Simultaneous Game Loss penalties should not be deferred just because their application would give one player the match win. It is also acceptable for simultaneous Game Loss penalties to extend a match past the expected number of games if neither player has won a majority. Players will still receive a Game Loss if they drop from the tournament; if the penalty is issued between rounds, they will still receive it even though they will not be paired for the next round.

Some tournaments feature one-game matches, which make a Game Loss equivalent to a Match Loss. In Swiss rounds, unless otherwise specified (such as Tournament Error — Tardiness), apply a Match Point penalty for the first offense instead, and follow any instructions to continue the game.

Match Point

A Match Point penalty is a one-point loss assessed against a player's total match points for the tournament. They are usually used to replace a Game Loss in matches during Swiss rounds that consist of a single game. Match Point penalties are never used except as detailed in this guide and never for repeated offenses. Judges will never deviate from the Penalty Guide to assign a Match Point penalty. Doing so may result in a DCI investigation of the official.

In instances where a Match Point penalty is called for, but the game cannot be continued for physical reasons, issue a Game Loss penalty instead.

Match Point penalties require use of DCI Reporter 3.0 or greater. When this penalty is applied, DCI Reporter will place an (*) next to the player's name. Events not using DCI Reporter 3.0 or greater cannot use Match Point penalties as a replacement.

Match Loss

A Match Loss is a severe penalty that is usually the result of repeated offenses.

Match Losses are applied to the match during which the offense occurred unless the match has already ended, in which case the penalty will be applied to the player's next match. Players will still be issued a Match Loss penalty if they drop from the tournament, though they won't be paired for the next round.

Disqualification

A Disqualification is issued for activity that damages the integrity of a tournament as a whole, for excessive repeat offenses, or for severe unsporting conduct. It may also be applied when a player is unable to continue in a tournament (due to losing portions of his or her deck, for example) but refuses to drop from the tournament.

The recipient of a Disqualification does not need to be a player in the tournament. He or she may be a spectator or other bystander. If this happens, he or she must be entered into the tournament in DCI Reporter so that he or she may be disqualified and reported to the DCI.

Disqualification can occur without proof of action so long as the Head Judge determines sufficient information exists to believe the tournament's integrity may have been compromised. It is recommended that the Head Judge's report to the DCI reflect this fact.

When this penalty is applied, the player loses his or her current match and is dropped from the tournament. If a player has already received prizes at the time he or she is disqualified, that player may keep those prizes but does not receive any additional prizes or awards he or she may be due. For Competitive and Professional events the Head Judge must report all Disqualifications to the DCI Investigations Manager. At Regular events only Unsporting Conduct Disqualifications must be reported to the DCI Investigations Manager, though the Disqualification should be entered into DCI Reporter as usual.

When a player is disqualified during a tournament, he or she is removed from the tournament and does not take up a place in the standings. This means that all players in the tournament will advance one spot in the standings and are entitled to any prizes the new standing would offer. If the Disqualification takes place after a cut is made, no additional players advance in place of the disqualified player although they do move up a spot in the standings. For example, if a player is disqualified during the quarterfinal round of a Pro Tour Qualifier, the former 9th place finisher does not advance into the single elimination top 8, but he or she does move into 8th place in the standings.

Reports for the DCI Investigations Manager are submitted via the Judge Center: http://judge.wizards.com.

30. APPLYING PENALTIES [Definition]

The DCI Penalty Guide applies to every game the DCI sanctions, but certain infractions may not apply to certain games. For example, games that do not have a mulligan rule will not use mulligan-related penalties.

Any penalty higher than a Caution is reported with the tournament report so that a permanent record can be kept in the DCI Penalty Database. Additionally, any penalty of Game Loss or higher should be reported to the Head Judge, and it is recommended that only the Head Judge issue penalties of this nature (with the exception of Tardiness and Deck/Warband Errors).

Any time a penalty is issued, the judge must explain to the players involved the infraction, the procedure for fixing the situation, and the penalty. If the Head Judge chooses to deviate from the Penalty Guide, the Head Judge is expected to explain the standard penalty and the reason for deviation.

Some penalties feature additional procedures to handle the offense beyond the base penalty. These procedures exist to protect officials from accusations of unfairness, bias, or favoritism. If a judge makes a ruling that is consistent with quoted text, then the complaints of a player shift from accusation of unfairness against the judge to accusations of unfairness against the DCI. Deviations from these procedures may raise accusations against the judge from the player(s) involved, or from those who hear about it.

These procedures do not, and should not, take into account the game being played, the current situation that the game is in, or who will benefit strategically from the procedure associated with a penalty. While it is tempting to try to "fix" game situations, the danger of missing a subtle detail or showing favoritism to a player (even unintentionally) makes it a bad idea.

If a procedure notes a variation is used for "single-game matches" this refers to matches consisting of one game, regardless of the game being played. For example, Dreamblade matches nearly always consist of one game to a match, but the Dreamblade Championship finals could be run as three games to a match. Then, the variation for "single-game matches" is not used, even though the rest of the rounds may have utilized it.

Separate infractions committed or discovered at the same time are treated as separate penalties, though if the root cause is the same, only the more severe one is applied. If the first penalty would cause the second one to be inapplicable for the round (such as a Game Loss issued along with a Match Loss), the more severe penalty is issued first, followed by the less severe penalty in the next round.

Some violations of tournament rules will not meet the criteria for any specific infraction. Many minor offenses that a player can commit, even intentionally, are not covered by a specific infraction should be handled initially with a Caution. If repeated, directly instruct the player not to repeat the offense, and handle further offenses as Unsporting Conduct — Major for failing to follow the direct instruction of a tournament official.

40. REPEAT OFFENSES [Definition]

The penalty for the first offense is listed in the "Penalty" portion of each infraction. For a repeat offense at Competitive and Professional RELs, upgrade the penalty to the next level on the following upgrade path unless instructed otherwise in the penalty procedure:

Caution — Warning — Game Loss — Match Loss — Disqualification

Penalties continue to be upgraded with further offenses. Repeat offenses at Regular events may be upgraded at the Head Judge's discretion. A Match Point penalty is never used for repeat offenses. If a Match Point penalty is issued and the offense is repeated, it is upgraded to a Match Loss.

Game Play Errors have their own separate path that should be used for repeat offenses of infractions in that section.

50. PLAYER COMMUNICATION [Definition]

Communication between players is essential to the successful play of any game that involves virtual objects or hidden information. While bluffing may be an aspect of games, there need to be clear lines as to what is, and is not, acceptable for players to say or otherwise represent. Officials and highly competitive players should understand the line between bluffing and fraud. This will confirm expectations of both sporting and competitive players during a game.

The philosophy of the DCI is that a player should have an advantage due to better understanding of the rules of a game, greater awareness of the interactions in the current game state, and superior tactical planning. Players are under no obligation to assist their opponents in playing the game. Regardless of anything else, players are expected to treat their opponents politely and with respect. Failure to do so may lead to Unsporting Conduct penalties.

There are three categories of information: free, derived and private.

Free information is so called because all players are entitled access to this information without contamination or omissions made by his or her opponent. If a player is ever unable or unwilling to provide free information to an opponent that has requested it, he or she should call a judge and explain the situation. Free Information includes:

* Details of current game actions and past game actions that still affect the game state.

* The name of any object in a public zone.

* The physical status (tapped/flipped) and current zone of any object.

* Player life totals and the game score of the current match.

Derived information is information to which all players are permitted, but opponents are not obliged to assist in determining and may require some skill or calculation to determine. Derived Information includes:

* The number of objects present in any game zone.

* All objects in public zones and any of their characteristics that are not defined as free information.

* Game Rules, Tournament Policy, Oracle content and any other official information pertaining to the current event. Cards are considered to have their Oracle text printed on them.

Private information is so called because players have access to this information only if they are able to determine it from the current visual game state or their own record of previous game actions.

* Any information that is not free or derived is automatically private information.

The following rules govern player communication:

* Players must answer all questions asked of them by a judge completely and honestly, regardless of the type of information requested. Players may request to do so away from the match.

* Players may not represent derived or free information incorrectly, improperly, or falsely.

* Players must answer completely and honestly any specific questions pertaining to free information.

* At Regular REL, all derived information is instead considered free.

Judges are encouraged to help players in determining free information, but must avoid assisting players with derived information about the game state.

51. Shortcuts [Definition]

A shortcut is an action taken by players to skip parts of the technical play sequence without explicitly announcing them. Shortcuts are essential for the smooth play of a game, as they allow players to play in a clear fashion without getting bogged down in the minutia of the rules. Most shortcuts involve skipping one or more priority passes to the mutual understanding of all players; if a player wishes to demonstrate or use a new shortcut entailing any number of priority passes, he or she must be clear where the game state will end up as part of the request.

A player may interrupt a shortcut by explaining how he or she is deviating from it or at which point in the middle he or she wishes to take an action. If the players are confused by the use of a shortcut, they should be backed up to the beginning of the shortcut and no penalty should be issued (though they should be reminded to play more clearly). A player is not allowed to use a previously undeclared shortcut, or to modify an in-use shortcut without announcing the modification, in order to create ambiguity in the game.

A player may not request priority and take no action with it. If he or she decides they do not wish to do anything, the request is nullified and priority is returned to the player that originally had it.

Certain conventional shortcuts used in Magic are detailed below. If a player wishes to deviate from these, he or she should be explicit about doing so. Note that some of these are exceptions to the policy above in that they do cause non-explicit priority passes.

* The statement "Go" (and equivalents such as "Your turn" and "Done") offers to keep passing priority until an opponent has priority in the End of Turn step. Opponents are assumed to be acting then unless they specify otherwise.

* A statement such as "I'm ready for combat" or "Declare attackers?" offers to keep passing priority until an opponent has priority in the Beginning of Combat step. Opponents are assumed to be acting then unless they specify otherwise.

* Whenever a player adds an object to the stack, he or she is assumed to be passing priority unless he or she explicitly announces that he or she intend to retain it. If he or she adds a group of objects to the stack without explicitly retaining priority and a player wishes to take an action at a point in the middle, the actions should be reversed up to that point.

* "No attacks" or similar statements during combat are an indication that the active player has passed priority in the end of combat step.

* If a player announces an X spell without specifying the value of X, it is assumed to be for all mana currently available in his or her pool.

* If a player plays a spell or ability and announces choices for it that aren't normally made until resolution, the player must adhere to those choices unless an opponent responds to it. If an opponent inquires about choices made during resolution, that player is assumed to be passing priority and allowing the spell to resolve.

* Players are assumed to have paid any cost of 0 unless they announce otherwise.

* A player is assumed to have assigned all trample damage possible to the defending player unless stated otherwise.

* A spell or ability that targets an object on the stack is assumed by default to target the legal target closest to the top of the stack.

* Players are assumed to be attacking another player and not any planeswalkers that player may control unless they specify otherwise.

* The head to which damage is being assigned in Two-Headed Giant is undefined by default. If it is relevant, it is up to the team that knows it may be relevant to ask for clarification or to propose an alternate shortcut.

110. DECK/WARBAND ERRORS [Definition]

This section deals with problems related to errors in the registration or contents of the card pool, deck, or warband at a tournament. Though these rules may refer to 'decks,' 'cards' and 'decklists' they also apply to the equivalents for games using items other than cards.

At all RELs, judges and other tournament officials should be vigilant about reminding players before the tournament begins of the consequences of submitting an illegal list, or playing with an illegal deck.

In single-game matches, if the error is discovered during a deck check and would result in a Game Loss penalty, follow the procedure for the infraction, but issue a Match Point penalty instead.

Sideboards are considered to be part of a player's deck for the purpose of these infractions.

111. Deck/Warband Error — Illegal Decklist [Definition]

A player is considered to have an illegal decklist when one or more of the following conditions are true:

* The decklist contains an illegal number of cards for the format.

* The decklist contains cards that are illegal for the format.

* A card listed on a decklist is not identified by its full proper name, and could be interpreted as more than one card.

* The decklist contains cards that would make the deck illegal because it would violate a game rule (such as the four card limit rule in Magic(R) games or the three miniature limit for Dreamblade(R) games).

In events that are not using decklists, the contents of the deck itself are considered the decklist.

111. Deck/Warband Error — Illegal Decklist [Philosophy]

If the decklist is illegal, the player is considered to have an illegal deck, regardless of the physical contents of his or her deck. However, because the majority of illegal decklists are due to clerical error, it is not in the best interest of the event to punish a player heavily for an illegal decklist. Whenever possible, it is best to correct the decklist to match the player's actual deck.

Ambiguous or unclear names on a decklist may allow a player to manipulate the contents of his or her deck up until the point at which they are discovered. Use of a truncated name that is not unique may be downgraded to a Warning at the Head Judge's discretion if he or she believes that the intended card is obvious and the potential for abuse minimal. When determining if a name is ambiguous, judges may take into account the format being played.

111. Deck/Warband Error — Illegal Decklist [Remedy]

Unless the judge has reason to believe that the deck itself is illegal for the format (usually the presence of an illegal card), this penalty should only be issued between rounds. In large events, the DCI recommends that tournament officials verify the legality of all lists as soon as possible, but the Head Judge should wait until the start of the next round to issue all decklist penalties. This minimizes the disruption to the game currently being played and provides consistency in case some players have finished playing their match before the penalty can be administered.

Correct a player's decklist so it is legal and then let the player continue playing in the tournament with a deck matching the corrected decklist. Remove any excess cards (cards violating a maximum-number-of-a-card restriction) or illegal cards from the deck, starting with the sideboard. If the player has a legal deck after these corrections, the decklist is corrected to match the deck. If further cards need to be removed from the deck as it violates a total maximum number of cards, remove them from the bottom of the offending part of the list, or at the player's choice if decklists are not being used. Then, if cards need to be added to make the deck legal, add basic resources of the player's choice, such as basic lands (but not Snow-Covered basic lands) for the Magic game. Not all games have basic resources and in these cases nothing is added.

For example, a player in a Standard Constructed Magic tournament has submitted a 58-card decklist with five Naturalizes. Because there is a four-of-a-kind limit on any one card, one of the Naturalizes must be removed. Now the decklist contains 57 cards, so three basic lands of the player's choice are added to meet the 60-card minimum. However, if the player's actual deck contained four Naturalizes and three Terrors which were left off of the decklist, the three Terrors would be added to the decklist and the player would be allowed to continue with his or her deck unmodified.

112. Deck/Warband Error — Deck/Decklist Mismatch [Definition]

A player is considered to have a mismatch when the contents of their deck do not match their decklist. This includes players who have lost cards from their main deck, have cards from a previous opponent in their decks, have additional cards with their sideboard, have sideboard cards in their main deck at an incorrect time, or whose decks do not otherwise match their decklists. This infraction applies to tournaments for which decklists are being used and includes most errors involving the sideboard.

Players in Limited tournaments that do not feature decklists may change the configuration of their deck between matches. They may still commit this infraction if they have cards from another player's deck shuffled into their deck. Players in Constructed events without decklists are still expected to return to their original configuration at the start of each match.

The infraction for a lost miniature or lost sideboard cards is different and covered by Deck/Warband Error — Lost Miniature/Sideboard.

112. Deck/Warband Error — Deck/Decklist Mismatch [Example]

A. A player in a Magic tournament is playing with 59 cards in her deck when the minimum is 60. Her decklist indicates a legal deck with 60 cards.

B. A player in an Extended Magic tournament is playing with Skullclamp (a banned card) in his deck. His decklist indicates a legal deck with no banned cards.

C. A player in a Magic tournament has a Pacifism in his deck from a previous opponent. His decklist indicates a legal deck.

D. A player in a Dreamblade tournament has four copies of Blight Rat in his warband because he accidentally picked up a previous opponent's Blight Rat.

E. A player in a Dreamblade tournament has listed only 15 miniatures, but is playing 16 miniatures.

F. A player in a Magic tournament looking at his sideboard during a game fails to keep it clearly separate from her deck.

112. Deck/Warband Error — Deck/Decklist Mismatch [Philosophy]

The decklist is the ultimate guide to a player's deck. Decklists are used to ensure that decks are not altered in the course of a tournament. If the decklist indicates a legal deck, but the actual contents of the deck do not match the decklist, the player needs to restore the deck to reflect the decklist. However, if the Head Judge believes that the error was obviously clerical (for example, a player marks "10 Islands" on his or her decklist and is only playing black cards), he or she may choose to alter the decklist to match the deck. When making this decision, judges should be mindful of potential abuse and if the potential exists or needs to be considered, they should use the contents of the decklist.

If the sideboard is not kept sufficiently separate from the deck during play, it becomes impossible to determine the legality of the deck. Additionally, if there are extra cards stored with the sideboard that could conceivably be played in the player's deck, they will be considered a part of the sideboard.

112. Deck/Warband Error — Deck/Decklist Mismatch [Remedy]

The player must make any changes necessary to make the contents of the deck match what is recorded on the decklist. If the game is to continue, replace all illegal cards with their legal counterparts (including random cards from the deck for any illegal cards in hand) and shuffle the randomized portion of the deck. If this is not possible, due to the illegal card being in a public zone or in a non-randomized portion of the deck, upgrade the penalty to a Game Loss.

If a player at Competitive or Professional REL discovers his or her error upon drawing an opening hand and calls a judge at that point, the Head Judge may downgrade the penalty, fix the deck, and allow the player to redraw the hand with one fewer card. The player may continue to take further mulligans if he or she wishes.

In the case that cards from the main deck are lost and cannot be recovered or replaced with identical cards (proxies are not allowed for lost cards) then the missing cards should be replaced with a basic resource of the player's choice and the decklist changed to match. If these changes cannot be completed within 10 minutes, an additional Game Loss should be issued (or two Game Losses if the initial penalty was a Warning). Once the player has made the decision to play the deck with these changes, the decklist cannot be reverted to its previous state, even if the missing cards are found.

114. Deck/Warband Error — Lost Sideboard/Miniature [Definition]

If a warband is found to contain less than the required or registered number of miniatures or point values, but otherwise is legal (and otherwise matches what was registered), the missing miniatures are considered to be lost. Similarly, if a player no longer has the full contents of his or her registered sideboard, the missing cards are considered to be lost.

114. Deck/Warband Error — Lost Sideboard/Miniature [Example]

A. A player in a Dreamblade tournament finds herself with only 15 miniatures instead of the 16 expected. The 15 remaining miniatures are all registered on her registration list, but the 16th miniature registered cannot be found.

B. A player in a Magic tournament loses two of his sideboard cards. The 13 remaining cards are registered on the decklist.

114. Deck/Warband Error — Lost Sideboard/Miniature [Remedy]

If the miniatures or cards are discovered to be missing during a round, or are found during a round, they may not be used in that round. If the miniature or card cannot be found between rounds, note which ones were lost. The player may continue playing without these miniatures or cards until he or she succeeds in finding them or exact copies. A player is not allowed to replace the miniatures or cards with items that have a different name. Players must inform their opponents before starting a match that they are playing fewer than the standard number of miniatures for the tournament, though this is not necessary for cards missing from the sideboard.

120. GAME PLAY ERRORS [Definition]

Game play errors are caused by incorrect or inaccurate play of the game such that it results in violations of the game rules. Many offenses fit into this category and it would be impossible to list them all. The guide below is designed to give judges a framework for assessing how to handle a Game Play Error.

Most Game Play Error infractions are assumed to have been committed unintentionally. If the judge believes that the error was intentional, her or she should first examine the Cheating infractions to see if one should be used instead. Some infractions (such as Drawing Extra Cards) have their own separate penalties defined specific to their game types. All remaining Game Play Errors fall into one of the following five categories:

1. If the error is a simple clerical error, it is Game Play Error — Incorrect Representation.

2. If the game state is presently illegal, including any errors that are ongoing, it is Game Play Error — Illegal Game State.

3. If the error occurred as the result of a player forgetting a game trigger, it is Game Play Error — Missed Trigger.

4. If the error involves a failure to reveal information it is Game Play Error — Failure to Reveal

5. All other errors are defined as Game Play Error — Game Rule Violation.

Both players are expected to maintain the game rules, and to share some responsibility for any errors that may occur involving public information. As a result, no attempt should be made to determine or correct any advantage gained in assessing the penalty and associated procedures for fixing the offense. Additionally, a sixth type of Game Play Error - Failure to Maintain Game State - is issued to the opponent where specified by the other five infractions. In multiplayer games, all participants in the match other than the offending player should receive this penalty if they meet the criteria.

Repeat offenses at Regular REL may be upgraded at the Head Judge's discretion. At Competitive and Professional RELs, repeat Game Play Error offenses in the same category are upgraded as follows:

Caution — Warning — Warning — Game Loss — Match Loss — Disqualification

An error that an opponent can not realize has been committed should have its penalty upgraded. Such unnoticeable errors are rare and involve misplaying hidden information (such as the Morph ability). An unpreventable or irreversible error is not sufficient grounds for such an upgrade.

124. Game Play Error — Failure to Reveal [Definition]

A player forgets to reveal information that he or she has been instructed to reveal by a game rule or effect.

125. Game Play Error — Game Rule Violation [Example]

A. In a Dreamblade tournament, a player forgets to pay extra spawn points for a miniature when that player does not have miniatures of the appropriate aspects in play or in the graveyard.

B. In a Magic tournament, a player plays Wrath of God for 3W (actual cost 2WW).

C. In a Magic tournament, a player does not attack with a creature that must attack each turn.

D. In a Magic tournament, a player puts Serra Avatar into his graveyard instead of shuffling it into his library.

E. In a Magic tournament, a player fails to put a creature with lethal damage into a graveyard and it is not noticed until several turns later.

F. In a Dreamblade tournament, a player fails to assign blades before moving on to assign damage in combat.

G. In a Dreamblade tournament, a player spawns a location in a cell that already contains a location.

125. Game Play Error — Game Rule Violation [Remedy]

If the error was discovered within a time frame in which a player could reasonably be expected to notice the error and the situation is simple enough to safely back up without too much disruption to the course of the game, the judge may get permission from the Head Judge to back up the game to the point of the error. Each action taken is undone until the game reaches the point immediately prior to the error. Drawn cards whose identity is known to all players are reversed by returning them to the top of the library; all other drawn cards are reversed by placing a random card on top of the library. Once the game is backed up, it continues from that point.

If not caught within a reasonable time frame, or backing up is impossible or sufficiently complex that it could affect the course of the game, the judge should leave the game state as it is and not attempt any form of partial 'fix' - either reverse all actions or none. Additionally, teammates and opponents who might potentially have benefited from the error receive a Game Play Error — Failure to Maintain Game State penalty.

126. Game Play Error — Failure to Maintain Game State [Definition]

This infraction is committed by a player who has allowed another player in the game to commit a Game Play Error and has not pointed it out it before he or she could potentially gain advantage. If a judge believes a player is intentionally not pointing out other players' illegal actions, either for his or her own advantage, or in the hope of bringing it up at a more strategically advantageous time, the infraction is Cheating — Fraud.

126. Game Play Error — Failure to Maintain Game State [Example]

A. In a Magic tournament, a player's opponent forgets to discard a card to Masticore during his upkeep. It is not noticed until the end of turn.

B. In a Dreamblade tournament, a player's opponent forgets to sacrifice a creature after spawning a creature with the Appease ability. The error is not noticed until the end of turn.

130. TOURNAMENT ERRORS [Definition]

Tournament errors are violations of the Universal Tournament Rules or the Floor Rules for the game being played. If the judge believes that the error was intentional, he or she should first examine the Cheating infractions to see if one should be used instead.

131. Tournament Error — Tardiness [Remedy]

A penalty will not be given if a round started early and a player arrived at his or her seat before the originally announced start time. At Regular and Competitive events, or in tournaments where matches consist of a single game, the tournament organizer may elect to give players the amount of time allotted for the pre-game procedure (3 minutes) before a penalty is issued. Otherwise, the appropriate penalty is issued as soon as the round begins. At any REL, if a player is not in his or her seat 10 minutes into the round, he or she is issued a second Game Loss (or two Game Losses at Regular REL). A player receiving two Game Losses for Tardiness in the same round (or one Game Loss for single-game matches) is dropped from the tournament unless he or she reports to the Head Judge or Scorekeeper before the end of the round.

In tournaments with single-game matches a time extension equal to the amount of tardiness should be applied if it is within the pre-game procedure time limit. Game Losses are not replaced by Match Point penalties for Tardiness. Repeated Tardiness infractions are only upgraded in exceptional circumstances.

133. Tournament Error — Slow Play [Example]

A. A player in a Dreamblade tournament repeatedly manipulates his figures without committing to a specific course of action.

B. A player in a Magic tournament repeatedly reviews his opponent's graveyard without any significant change in game state.

C. A player in a Magic tournament spends time writing down the contents of an opponent's deck when resolving Haunting Echoes.

D. After 3 minutes into a round at a Magic Pro Tour(tm) Qualifier, a player has not completed his shuffling.

E. In a Dreamblade tournament, a player takes an unreasonable amount of time deciding which creatures to spawn.

F. A player gets up from his seat to look at standings, or goes to the bathroom without permission of an official.

133. Tournament Error — Slow Play [Remedy]

An extra turn is awarded for each player, to be applied if the match exceeds the time limit. For games in which a single turn encompasses equal actions for both players, such as Dreamblade, only a single turn is added. If multiple players on each side are playing the same game (such as in Two-Headed Giant) only one extra turn is awarded per team. This turn extension occurs before any end-of-match procedure can begin and after any time extensions that may have been issued.

No extra turns are awarded if the match is already in extra turns, though the Warning still applies.

If Slow Play has significantly affected the result of the match, the Head Judge may upgrade the penalty.

134. Tournament Error — Insufficient Randomization [Definition]

A player unintentionally fails to sufficiently randomize his or her deck before presenting it to his or her opponent. A deck is not randomized if the judge believes a player could know the position or distribution of one or more cards in his or her deck. If the insufficient randomization was intentional, the infraction is Cheating — Manipulation of Game Materials.

134. Tournament Error — Insufficient Randomization [Philosophy]

Players are expected to randomize their deck thoroughly when it is required and are expected, especially at Competitive and Professional RELs, to have the skill and understanding of randomization to do so. Any time cards in a deck could be seen, including during shuffling, it is no longer randomized, even if the player only knows the position of one or two cards. Players are expected to take care in shuffling not to reveal cards to themselves, their teammates, or their opponents.

Players are assumed to know the order of their cards before starting to shuffle and sufficient randomization means the player could not gain advantage from this knowledge. A player should randomize his or her deck using multiple methods. Patterned pile-shuffling alone is not sufficient randomization.

Any manipulation, weaving, or stacking prior to randomization is acceptable, as long as the deck is thoroughly randomized afterwards. Doing so and not sufficiently randomizing afterwards is defined as Cheating — Manipulation of Game Materials.

134. Tournament Error — Insufficient Randomization [Remedy]

If a Game Loss is called for in the Swiss portion of an event that has single-game matches, a Match Point penalty is issued instead and the game should be continued. If the game is to be continued, the deck should be thoroughly randomized, taking into account any parts of the deck ordered through game play.

135. Tournament Error — Failure to Follow Official Announcements [Definition]

This infraction is committed by a player who fails to follow an instruction given to a broad audience he or she is included in. Most often these are registration instructions, safety instructions, or venue rules. Instructions given directly to an individual and not followed are penalized as Unsporting Conduct — Major.

135. Tournament Error — Failure to Follow Official Announcements [Example]

A. In a tournament, a player forgets to list her name or DCI# on a decklist following such an announcement made during the tournament registration period.

B. A player smokes in a venue where signage indicates such is forbidden.

C. A player fails to leave an area of the venue that a general announcement has asked all players to leave.

136. Tournament Error — Draft Procedure Violation [Example]

A. A player passes a booster to his left when it is supposed to go to his right.

B. A player exceeds the amount of time allotted for a pick.

C. A player starts to put a card on top of his pile, then pulls it back.

137. Tournament Error — Player Communication Violation [Definition]

A player unintentionally violates the Player Communication policy (see section 50). An intentional violation, or attempting to take advantage of a previously committed violation, is defined as Cheating — Fraud.

137. Tournament Error — Player Communication Violation [Example]

A. A player in a Magic tournament is asked how many cards he has in his hand and answers "Three." A few moments later, he realizes that he has four.

B. A player in a Magic tournament claims she hasn't played her land for the turn, but it is determined that she had and forgot.

137. Tournament Error — Player Communication Violation [Penalty]

Regular: Caution. Competitive: Warning. Professional: Warning.

137. Tournament Error — Player Communication Violation [Philosophy]

Clear communication is essential in the playing of any DCI-sanctioned game. Though many offenses will be intentional, it is possible for a player to make a genuine mistake and, while unfortunate, these should not be penalized harshly.

138. Tournament Error — Outside Assistance [Definition]

A player, spectator, or other tournament participant does any of the following:

* Seeks advice from others once he or she has sat for his or her match.

* Gives advice to players who have sat for their match.

* Any time after arriving at the play table, references notes made before the official beginning of the current match, including Oracle text that has not been provided by a judge.

These criteria also apply to any deck construction portions of a limited tournament. Additionally, no notes of any kind may be made during a draft.

Notes made during a match may be referenced during that match or between matches. Notes made outside the current match may not be referenced once a player has sat for his or her match until after his or her match is completed.

138. Tournament Error — Outside Assistance [Example]

A. During a Magic tournament match, a player references sideboarding notes that were created before the tournament.

B. A player in a Dreamblade tournament references notes about his opponent's warband after arriving at the table for his match.

C. A spectator at a Magic tournament points out the correct play to the player, who had not solicited the information.

140. UNSPORTING CONDUCT [Definition]

Unsporting conduct is disruptive behavior that may affect the safety, competitiveness, or enjoyment of an event in a significantly negative fashion. An offense that doesn't seek in-game advantage is often unsporting behavior. If it could provide an in-game advantage the offense is handled by other infractions in the Penalty Guide.

Being enrolled in the tournament is not a requirement to receive an Unsporting Conduct penalty. Although these guidelines refer to players, other people in the venue, such as spectators, staff, or judges are held to the same standard of behavior.

Unsporting behavior is not the same as a lack of sporting behavior. There is a wide middle ground of "competitive" behavior that is certainly neither "nice" nor "sporting" but still doesn't qualify as "unsporting." The Head Judge is the final arbiter on what constitutes unsporting conduct.

Judges should inform the player how his or her conduct is disruptive. The player is expected to correct the situation and behavior immediately. However, while making sure that the player understands the severity of his or her actions is important, judges should focus first on calming a situation, and deal with infractions and penalties afterwards.

141. Unsporting Conduct — Minor [Example]

A. A player uses excessively vulgar and profane language.

B. A player inappropriately demands to a judge that her opponent receive a penalty.

C. A player appeals to the Head Judge before waiting for the floor judge to issue a ruling.

D. A player taunts his opponent for making a bad play.

E. A player leaves excessive trash in the play area after leaving the table.

141. Unsporting Conduct — Minor [Philosophy]

All participants should expect a safe and enjoyable environment at a tournament, and a participant needs to be made aware if his or her behavior is unacceptable so that this environment may be maintained

141. Unsporting Conduct — Minor [Remedy]

In addition to the Warning, the player must correct the problem immediately or face upgraded penalties for repeated infractions. A judge may upgrade repeated Unsporting Conduct — Minor infractions for different offenses.

If a Game Loss is issued for repeated or upgraded infractions, and it occurs at the end of a game, it is acceptable for the judge to apply the penalty to the next game instead. Game Losses (in the case of an upgrade) are never replaced by Match Point penalties for Unsporting Conduct — Minor.

142. Unsporting Conduct — Major [Definition]

Unsporting Conduct — Major infractions fall into three categories:

* Failing to follow a direct instruction from a tournament official.

* Insulting another person based on his or her race, color, religion, national origin, age, gender, disability, or sexual orientation.

* Aggressive or violent behavior that is not directed at another person or another person's property.

142. Unsporting Conduct — Major [Example]

A. A player is asked to leave the play area and is still watching a match a few minutes later.

B. A player continues to